What is Autism?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a range of challenges in social communication and interactions, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviours, interests or activities.
The Spectrum of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
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The "spectrum" refers to the wide range of severity and developmental differences seen in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). While individuals with ASD share common characteristics in communication, social interactions, and behaviour, the specific symptoms and their severity vary widely.
ASDs can differ in:
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Types and number of symptoms
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Severity, from mild to severe
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Age of onset
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Levels of functioning and challenges with social interactions
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People with ASD may experience differences in motor skills, language, cognitive ability, and social skills. Each individual is unique, with varying learning capacities and the potential for mild to severe impairments.
Core Characteristics of ASD
Individuals with ASD typically experience challenges in the following areas:
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Social Skills: Difficulty engaging with others, initiating or maintaining conversations, and understanding social cues.
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Communication: Delayed or absent speech and language development, with challenges in interpreting non-verbal cues such as gestures and facial expressions.
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Repetitive Behaviours and Restricted Interests: Engaging in repetitive actions (e.g., rocking, hand-flapping) and focusing intensely on specific topics or activities.
Diagnosis
Autism Spectrum Disorder is diagnosed through direct observation, parent interviews using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), and other cognitive and behavioural assessments. There are no medical or blood tests available for diagnosing autism. Diagnosis is made by qualified professionals registered with the Saskatchewan College of Psychologists or the College of Physicians and Surgeons.